This thesis describes the historical development of the traditional instruments of Istria and Slavonia from the very beginning until today. It describes the type, structure, proper usage, a way of getting the right tune and ensembles in which instruments appear. Tambura is the only traditional instrument that is offered in a regular program of music schools. In addition to the obligatory subject Music culture, the extracurricular activities of young students, in Istria and Slavonia region, provide them with information about traditional instruments. This paper presents a research that was conducted in different schools in Istria and Slavonia and that shows how many students were or are involved in such extracurricular activities. The results showed that in Istria only a smaller number of students was or is attending individual and group plays, and those who attend have the opportunity to choose another instrument: roženica (sopila). A larger number of students was or is involved in extracurricular musical activities, as a part of the music school programs and different folk-dance groups. In Slavonia, there is a growing number of students in primary schools who choose playing in the ensemble, while a smaller number prefers individual playing (bisernica, brač and all kinds of tamburas). Many students are involved in extracurricular activities, which are a part of music schools and different Cultural and artistic associations. In addition to primary schools, polled were the leaders of cultural societies in both Istria and Slavonia. Istria is characterized by the growing number of heads leading musical activities such as individual playing (roženice, mijeh, svirale, šurle, accordion, clarinet and bass) and folk-dance groups. Younger participants attend activities such as playing (individually) to a much lesser extent, while the older participants mostly choose individual playing and different folk-dance groups. Participants who already play traditional instruments in the school or college mostly opt for the same activitiy. In Slavonia, there is a greater number of heads leading musical activities such as individual playing of different kinds of tamburas, ensemble, folk-dance groups and choirs. Results also showed that the majority of older participants is involved in playing in ensembles.