This graduate work explores the problems of market failures due to the existence of externalities, public goods, market power and asymmetric information. The work approaches these problems from a theoretical and practical aspect. The theoretical aspect includes defining perfect market conditions, types of market failures and traditional ways of solving them, using foreign literature. The practical aspect refers to the theory incorporation into examples at the national and global level based on online available country income statement, representative bodies decisions, consolidated financial statements of companies, enacted laws and data of companies and insurance supply. Due to the production of negative externalities that resulted in endangering the health of the local population and ultimately the death of one person, the company Heineken Croatia Ltd. was fined three million kunas and the company responsible persons were detained. It is impossible to offer a public good of the national defense and it is also not possible to exclude individuals who enjoy the benefits of the public good and don't participate in their financing, but the costs of their enjoyment of public goods are borne by someone else. Monopolist Burroughs Wellcome patents a drug that prolongs the lives of AIDS patients and in the midst of the AIDS pandemic of the 1980s is the only salvation on the market for AIDS patients, and company is taking advantage of it by charging questionable prices. Due to the existence of a cartel of fourteen driving schools from the area of Split and the wider Split area, competition is completely eliminated to the detriment of other market competitions, consumers and the economy as a whole. Excessive risk-taking by U.S. auto companies, General Motors in particular, has resulted in economic losses leading to U.S. Government financial aid packages that encourages re-risk behaviors by managers of other large companies. In the case of the insurance company UNIQA, adverse selection occurs by providing unreliable information of potential insured individual and by self-assessment of people that they are not at risk of the disease.