| Abstract | Frankapani Modruški i Ozaljski predstavljaju ogranak krčkih knezova Frankapana koji je nastao 1449., kada nasljednici kneza Nikole IV. dijele patrimonij svoga oca. Modruš, najstarija stečevina knezova Krčkih na hrvatskom kopnu, tada je pripala Stjepanu II., koji je za svog života bio ban Hrvatske i Dalmacije te je djelovao kao diplomat u službi ugarsko-hrvatskog kralja, a kasnije i svetorimskog cara Sigismunda Luksemburškog, svetorimskog cara Fridrika III., a potom i ugarsko-hrvatskog kralja Matijaša Korvina. Po dolasku Matijaša Korvina na ugarsko-hrvatsko prijestolje Frankapani su bili suočeni s prodorima Osmanlija, koji u pokušaju ekspanzije na Europski kontinent pljačkaju i pustoše njihove posjede. Zaokupljen centralističkim težnjama i nedovoljno posvećen borbi s Osmanlijama, kralj Matijaš uvelike je oslabio društvenu moć Frankapana. Ostavljeni na milost i nemilost vanjskoj pomoći, uglavnom su bili prisiljeni sami odbijati osmanske napade. U takvim je akcijama vojnu službu izučio Stjepanov sin Bernardin, koji će kao ratnik i diplomat ostaviti najveći trag u povijesti ovog ogranka. Bernardin je svjedočio porazu hrvatske vojske na Krbavskom polju 1493., što je bio dodatni razlog da knez cijeli svoj život posveti protuosmanskom djelovanju. Za svog dugog života knez Bernardin je svojim brakom i brakovima svoje djece stekao niz saveznika koji su mu pomogli u očuvanju obiteljskih imanja i protuosmanskom djelovanju. Tako je bio u rodbinskim odnosima s europskom svjetovnom i crkvenom elitom – obiteljima Hunyadi, D’Este, Da Marzano i Della Rovere. Očev put slijedio je i Krsto koji se kao vrstan vojnik pokazao u službama svetorimskih careva Maksimilijana I. i Karla V. Otac i sin zajedno su ratovali kako bi povratili obiteljska imanja oduzeta im za kraljevanja Matijaša Korvina, a kasnije ih nalazimo i u protuosmanskim vojnim i diplomatskim misijama. Bernardin je najpoznatiji po svom govoru Oratio pro Croatia, održanom 1522. pred Njemačkim državnim saborom u Nürnbergu, gdje je pred europskim moćnicima tražio pomoć za obranu Hrvatske. Krsto je zatim isto učinio pred papom Hadrijanom VI. Bili su ovo posljednji pokušaji otpora. Nakon pogibije Ludovika Jagelovića u bitci na Mohačkom polju 1526., u Kraljevstvu je izbio građanski rat oko ugarsko-hrvatskog prijestolja. U takvim okolnostima 1527. poginuo je knez Krsto boreći se za Ivana Zapolju. Bernardin je umro u dubokoj starosti 1530., ostavivši iza sebe svoja imanja i dvoje malodobnih unuka. Nasljedstvo Frankapana Modruških i Ozaljskih sporazumno će završiti u posjedu obitelji Zrinski nakon smrti Bernardinova unuka Stjepana 1575., čime je izumrla i sama loza. |
| Abstract (english) | Francapans of Modruš and Ozalj represent a branch of the counts of Krk's Francapans which was created in 1449. when the successors of the count Nikola IV divided their father's patrimony. Modruš, which was the oldest acquisition of the Counts of Krk on the Croatian mainland came into possesion of Stjepan II. who, during his lifetime was a ban of Croatia and Dalmatia and had a role of a diplomat in the service of Hungaro-Croatian king, and later in the service of the holy Roman emperor Sigismund of Luxemburg, emperor Fridrich III. and afterwards for Matthias Corvinus. With the arrival of Matthias Corvinus on the Hungaro-Croatian throne Francapans were faced with the Ottoman incursions. Ottomans were attempting to expand unto the European continent and thus were ravaging and pillaging Frankapan's fiefdooms. Occupied with centralistic pretensions and insufficiently devoted to the struggle with Ottomans, king Matthias largely diminished the social power of Francapans. Left at the mercy and disfavour of foreign assistance, they were mostly forced to fend off Ottoman onslaughts by themselves. In such actions Bernardin, who was Stjepan's son, mastered the craft of warfare and he will as a warrior and a diplomat leave an immense mark in the history of this branch. Bernardin witnessed the tragic downfall of Croatian army on the Krbava field in 1493. This was an additional reason because of which he devoted his entire life to counter Ottoman operations. With his own marriage and with the marriages of his children count Bernardin acquired innumereous allies who helped him preserve his family estates and to counter Ottoman“ incursions. He was related with european secular and church elites- families such as Hunyadi, d“Este, da Marzano and della Rovere. Krsto also followed his father's path and he proved himself as an exceptional soldier in the services of Holy Roman emperors of Maximilianus I and Chalre V. Father and son waged war together to restore deprived family fiefdooms during the reign of Matthias Corvinus and afterwards we also can track them down in missions and battles against the Ottoman onslaughts. Bernardin is best renowned in his Oratio pro Croatia, held in 1522. in front of the German State parliament in Nurnberg, where he asked the European potentates to aid him regarding the defence of Croatia. Subsequently Krsto did the same in front of the pope Hadrian VI. These were the last undertakings of the opposition. After the demise of Louis II of Hungary in the battle of Mohacs in 1526, in the kingdom erupted a civil war focused on acquiring Hungaro-Croatian throne. In such circumstances in 1527perished count Krsto battling for John
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Zapolya. Bernardin passed away in old age in 1530. leaving behind his fiefdooms and two underaged grandsons. The heritage of Francapans of Modruš and Ozalj will agreeably end in the possesion of family Zrinski after death of Bernardin's grandson Stjepan in 1575., with whom the entire lienage was estinguished. |
