Traces of the Middle Paleolithic in Croatia are most numerous in the area of Croatian Zagorje and Mediterrean. It is from this period of the Paleolithic in Croatia that most sites are known from. Middle Paleolithic period in Europe was characterized by the species Homo sapiens neanderthalensis and the Mousterian culture. The most important site is certainly „Hušnjakovo Hill“ near Krapina discovered by Dragutin Gorjanović-Kramberger in the year 1899. The discovery of Krapina Neanderthals was the start of the scientific study of Paleolithic in Croatia. Due to the large number of specimens found, Krapinska collection is key to understanding the anatomy of Neanderthals and provides us with the insight and a variation within the population. With numerous human remains found, attracting a lot of attention and numerous are the hand made stone artifacts. With this finding, the Croatian Zagorje includes very important findings in the field of Vindija, Veternica and Great cave that unquestionably belong to this period. Archaeological finds from the Vindija cave indicate the transition from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic and the possibility of encountering with early modern humans. As far as the Middle Paleolithic sites in Dalmatia, according to the key finding artifacts that are located in the hinterland of Kaštel and Trogir, which is also the first site of Mousterian culture in this part of the country. New research in Istria, in the sites of Romuald cave and Campanož, indicating the presence of rich findings from the Middle Paleolithic in this part of the country and at the same time impose the need for further research in order to come to a new understanding of this period. Neanderthals are equally capable of adapting to different living conditions in the Northwest and Mediterranean Croatia. Although on the Croatian area there are many Paleolithic sites, over the past century only a few have been systematically explored. In recent years, knowledge on the Croatian Paleolithic has been significantly modified and amended as a result of research at several sites using modern methods, but also the implementation of the detailed analysis of the previously excavated material.