In this study, we explore the historical development of 3D modelling techniques, tracing their roots from simple models composed of wireframes to complex and highly detailed forms used in today's applications. Alongside this, we investigate the history of texture mapping, initially developed to add realism to 3D models, and how mapping has gradually evolved through various techniques such as bump maps, detail maps, and reflection maps. Different types of texture maps are analysed, highlighting their properties and applications. By studying the advantages and disadvantages of these texture maps, our aim is to provide an understanding of their impact on the visual fidelity and computational efficiency of 3D models. This research deepens the understanding of 3D modelling techniques and texture mapping to contribute to the ongoing progress in these areas, particularly in how they affect various sectors of the IT industry, such as game development, data visualization, and virtual reality. In the practical part of this study, the application of these theories is demonstrated through the creation and texturing of 3D models. This case study serves as a concrete example, offering insights into the challenges and solutions associated with applying textures to complex objects.