| Abstract | Religija predstavlja sustav različitih vjerovanja, činova, te etičkih vrijednosti kojima ljudi izražavaju svoj odnos prema svetomu. Postoji više oblika religija, te one mogu biti animističke, panteističke, monoteistične i politeistične. Azija se smatra kolijevkom svih glavnih svjetskih religija, a izvorne religije istočne Azije su šintoizam, konfucijanizam i daoizam. Postoji i određen broj religija koje su tijekom godina stigle do tog dijela kontinenta, uglavnom putem misionara i trgovaca. Te su religije budizam, kršćanstvo u Kini, Koreji i Japanu, islam u Kini, te supostojanje navedenih religija (sa prethodno navedenim izvornim religijama) na određenim područjima. Konfucijanizam je bio jedna od najdugovječnijih religija u Istočnoj Aziji, a ime je dobila po Konfuciju, najpoznatijem filozofu toga vremena, koji je među pučanstvo nastojao uvesti određene norme ponašanja putem kojih bi ljudi što bolje funkcionirali u zajednici. Šintoizam je animistička, autohtona japanska religija koja naglašava čovjekov rad i trud za dobrobit drugih te njegov sklad sa zajednicom kao glavnu misao. Ističe i važnost povezanosti čovjeka i prirode. Daoizam nastaje otprilike u isto vrijeme kad i konfucijanizam, no po svojoj se osnovnoj misli gotovo u potpunosti razlikuju. Daoizam teži „ne činjenjenju“, meditaciji i odmaku od čovjekove želje za ugledom i novcem, smatrajući odmak od navedenog jedinom „formulom“ istinskog uspjeha. Budizam je religija nazvana po mudracu Budi, središnjoj ličnosti ove religije. Osnovne značajke ove religije su prihvaćanje nestalnosti i odbacivanje iluzije stalnosti u životu, te postizanje duhovnog mira u trenutku kada nestalnost u potpunosti prihvatimo. Kršćanstvo se u Aziji proširilo u 16.stoljeću, putem isusovačkih i katoličkih misionara koji su se nastojali asimilirati u azijsko društvo, no zabranama od strane Pape dolaze u nesiguran položaj. Protjerivani su iz država u kojima su djelovali, a kršćanstvo se zabranjuje i postaje ilegalno. Situacija ostaje takva do sredine 19. stoljeća, dok se u Kini kršćanstvo i danas nalazi u sličnim okolnostima. Islam u Kinu dolazi preko Puta Svile, a prvi muslimani u državi bili su trgovci. U početku je njihova zajednica tolerirana zbog trgovine, no dolaskom nepovoljne gospodarske situacije u kasnom 16. i ranom 17. stoljeću te negativnom politikom vlasti prema stanovnicima novoosvojenih pokrajina Srednje Azije, nastaje jaz između kineske države i muslimana koji je prisutan i danas, s naglaskom na regiju Xinjiang. |
| Abstract (english) | Religion represents a system of different beliefs, actions, and ethical values with which people express their relation with the sacred. Asia is considered the cradle of all major world religions, and the original religions of East Asia are Shintoism, Confucianism, and Daoism. There is also other religions that have reached East Asia over the years, mostly through missionaries and traders. These religions are Buddhism, Christianity in China, Korea and Japan, Islam in China and the blend of the previously mentioned religions. Confucianism was one of the longest-lived religions in East Asia, and it got its name from Confucius, who tried to introduce certain norms of behavior among the people through which people would function in the best way possible in their community. Shintoism is an animistic, autochthonous Japanese religion that emphasizes man's work and effort for the benefit of others and his harmony with the community as the main thought. It also emphasizes the importance of the connection between man and nature. Daoism appeared at about the same time as Confucianism, but they are almost completely different in their basic thought. Daoism strives for "non-doing", meditation and a departure from man's desire for fame and money, considering the departure from the above the only "formula" of true success. Buddhism is a religion named after the sage Buddha, the central figure of this religion. The basic features of this religion are the acceptance of impermanence and the rejection of the illusion of permanence in life, and the achievement of spiritual peace at the moment when impermanence is fully accepted. Christianity spread in Asia in the 16th century through Jesuit and Catholic missionaries who tried to assimilate into Asian society, but because of the hardline stance by the Pope, they were in a difficult position. They were expelled from the countries where they operated, and Christianity was banned and became illegal. The situation remained like this until the middle of the 19th century, while Christianity in China is still in similar circumstances today. Islam came to China via the Silk Road, and the first Muslims in the country were merchants. In the beginning, their community was tolerated due to trade, but with the arrival of an unfavorable economic situation in the late 16th and early 17th centuries and the negative policy of the government towards the inhabitants of the newly conquered provinces of Central Asia, a animosity was created between the Chinese state and the Muslims that is still present today. |
