Title Društvena nejednakost - primjer razvijenih i nerazvijenih zemalja
Title (english) Social inequality - an example of developed and non-developed countries
Author Ines Paušić
Mentor Saša Stjepanović (mentor)
Committee member Daniel Tomić (predsjednik povjerenstva)
Committee member Saša Stjepanović (član povjerenstva)
Committee member Dragan Benazić (član povjerenstva)
Granter University of Pula (Faculty of economics and tourism "Dr. Mijo Mirković") Pula
Defense date and country 2018-09-21, Croatia
Scientific / art field, discipline and subdiscipline SOCIAL SCIENCES Economics General Economy
Abstract U ovom radu se razmatra pojam društvena nejednakost i njezini oblici na primjeru odabranih razvijenih i nerazvijenih zemalja. Rad je strukturiran u četiri glavne cjeline. U drugoj cjelini razmatra se teorijski pristup pojmu društvene nejednakosti, povezanost društvene nejednakosti i klasa, socijalna mobilnost te što sve obuhvaća politički aspekt društvenih nejednakosti. U trećem dijelu raspravljaju se oblici društvene nejednakosti na primjeru razvijenih i nerazvijenih zemalja. Ekonomsku nejednakost razmatrali smo na temelju kriterija BDP-a po glavi stanovnika te procjene bruto nacionalnog dohotka (GNI) po glavi stanovnika na temelju čega smo klasificirali razvijene i nerazvijene zemlje po prihodima. Veliki utjecaj na ekonomsku strukturu i njezino određenje nerazvijenih zemalja imala je činjenica da su iste bile kolonije. Zatim se razmatra nejednakost spolova na osnovi indikatora omjera zaposlenosti stanovništva prema spolu i ponderiranog prosjeka plaćenih radnika prema spolu te uočavamo da u odabranim nerazvijenim zemljama žene i dalje imaju inferioran status u odnosu na muškarce na temelju toga što postoji veliki jaz u zaposlenosti muškaraca i žena što je najočitije na primjeru Afganistana, isto tako dominiraju plaćeni radnici muškog spola nad plaćenim radnicima ženskog spola. S druge strane u odabranim razvijenim zemljama situacija je suprotna razlog tome je što se daje velika pozornost položaju žena te se nastoje stvoriti jednake mogućnosti na poslu za muškarce i žene što se vidi na nizu zakonskih regulativa Velike Britanije usmjerenih na poboljšanje položaja žena. Nejednakosti u zdravlju razmatrali smo putem indikatora očekivani životni vijek pri rođenju i specijalne kirurške radne snage. Zanimljivo je svakako doznati koliko se društvo nerazvijenih zemalja razlikuje od društva razvijenih zemalja glede broja specijalne kirurške radne snage na 100. 000 stanovnika na temelju podataka koji su posljednje dostupni iz 2014. godine. To daje zapravo najbolji uvid u jaz između pristupa zdravlju u razvijenim i nerazvijenim zemljama, primjerice nalazite li se u zemljama Malawi, Srednjoafričkoj Republici te Afganistanu i potrebna vam je hitna operacija u 100.000 stanovnika nećete moći naći osobu koja će vas biti u mogućnosti operirati a ako vas i operira postoji mogućnost od 1% da ćete umrijeti u bolnici u roku od 30 dana nakon operacije zbog poteškoća u uočavanju ili riješavanju komplikacija nakon operacije što je rezultat nedostatanog broja medicinskih djelatnika. Nejednakost u obrazovanju razmatrali smo na temelju indikatora pohađanja visokog obrazovanja prema spolu i bogatstvu te su postotci muškog i ženskog stanovništva koji pohađaju visoko obrazovanje u navedenim nerazvijenim zemljama vrlo mali dok su u odabranim razvijenim zemljama veliki postoci polaznosti visokog obrazovanja, što ne čudi pošto razvijene zemlje ulažu mnogo sredstava u svoje obrazovanje. Kada je riječ o pohađanju visokog obrazovanja, jaz između bogatih i siromašnih značajno je vidljiv među nerazvijenim zemljama dok u razvijenim zemljama možemo primjetiti da je udio stanovništva koji se visoko obrazuju ravnomjerno raspodijeljen u razvijenim državama, te stanovnici različitog imovinskog statusa pohađaju visoko školstvo.
Abstract (english) This paper deals with the concept of social inequality and its forms on the example on selected developed and undeveloped countries. The paper is structured into four main sections. The second section deals with theoretical approach to the concept of social inequality, social inequality and class cohesion, social mobility and all that covers political aspect of social disadvantages. The third part discusses forms of social inequality on the example of developed and undeveloped countries. GDP per capita and Gross National Income (BNP) per capita, based on which we classify the developed and undeveloped country by income. The great influence on the economic structure and its determination of the undeveloped countries had the fact that they were colonies. Then the gender inequality is considered based on the indicators of employment of the population by gender and the weighted average of paid workers by gender and we notice that in selected undeveloped countries women still have inferior status in comparison to men, there is a large difference in the employment of men and women so men paid workers dominate overpaid female workers. On the other hand, in the selected developed countries, the situation is opposite because of the fact that attention on women is high and developed countries are trying to create equal opportunities for men and women as seen in a number of UK legislation aimed at improving the position of women. Inequalities in health were considered by following indicators that are expected life expectancy at birth and special surgical labor force. It is interesting to know how much the society of the undeveloped countries differs from developed countries in view of the number of special surgical labor per 100,000 inhabitants based on the latest available data from 2014. For the best insight into the gap between access to health in developed and undeveloped countries is for example, if you are in the Malawi, Central African Republic and Afghanistan, and you need an emergency operation of 100,000 people you will not be able to find a person that will be able to operate and there is a 1% chance that you will die in the hospital within 30 days after the operation due to difficulty in detecting or resolving complications after your operation, as a result of an insufficient number of medical staff. Inequality in education was considered based on indicators of higher education by gender and wealth, and the percentage of male and female population attending higher education in the selected undeveloped countries is very low, while in selected developed countries there is a high percentage of high education attendance which is not surprising as developed countries invest a lot of resources into their education. When it comes to attending higher education by wealth the gap between the rich and the poor is noticeable among the undeveloped countries, while in developed countries we can see that the share of highly educated citizens equally distributed in developed countries, and residents of different property status are attending higher education.
Keywords
nejednakost
društvo
razvijene
nerazvijene
ekonomija
spol
zdravstvo
obrazovanje
Keywords (english)
inequality
society
developed
underdeveloped
economy
gender
health
education
Language croatian
URN:NBN urn:nbn:hr:137:571208
Study programme Title: Business Economics; specializations in: Finance, Accounting and Auditing, Marketing Management, Management and Entrepreneurship, Tourism, Business Informatics Course: Marketing Management Study programme type: university Study level: undergraduate Academic / professional title: sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) ekonomije (sveučilišni/a prvostupnik/prvostupnica (baccalaureus/baccalaurea) ekonomije)
Type of resource Text
File origin Born digital
Access conditions Open access
Terms of use
Created on 2018-09-24 14:28:12