| Abstract | Kraljica Viktorija, kraljica Velike Britanije i carica Indije, nosila je također i titulu jedne od najdugovječnijih monarha u povijesti, dok je nije nedavno prestigla sadašnja engleska kraljica Elizabeta II. Bila je strogo odgajana i prvorazredno obrazovana. Svirala je glasovir, govorila mnoge jezike, voljela je kazalište i čitanje te se interesirala za zemljopis i povijest. Viktorija je na prijestolje stupila 1837. smrću svojeg strica Vilima IV., a desna ruka joj je bio Lord Melbourne koji ju je savjetovao u svemu. Kraljičina ljubav bio je njezin bratić Albert s kojim se vjenčala i imala devetero djece. Viktorija je nosila nadimak ''baka Europe'' s obzirom na to da su se sva njezina djeca bračnim vezama povezala sa svim važnim europskim dinastijama. Velik utjecaj imala je industrijska revolucija koja je ostavila traga na tijek engleske, ali i svjetske povijesti. Došlo je do napretka i promjena u načinu proizvodnje i uporabe strojeva, što je rezultiralo brojnom nezaposlenošću radnika i pojavom ludističkog pokreta. Viktorijansko doba trajalo je nepune 64 godine i bilo je podijeljeno u tri faze. Došlo je do procvata u svim aspektima životima, a moć i uspjeh Velike Britanije kao svjetske sile i kolonijalnog diva daleko je odjeknula. Tijekom njezine vladavine izmijenilo se deset premijera, ali postojala je moćna četvorica koja je imala najveći utjecaj, a to su bili sir Robert Peel, Henry John Temple (vikont od Palmerstona), William Ewart Gladstone te najistaknutiji među njima – Benjamin Disraeli, kraljičin miljenik. Viktorijansko društvo bilo je prožeto suprotnostima. S jedne strane moćni slojevi društva, a s druge radnici koji su bili nezadovoljni i tražili svoja prava. Žene su uglavnom radile posao sluškinje i bile su malo plaćene, a politička prava dobile su tek nakon prosvjeda sufražetkinja. Djeca su obavljala razne poslove, a mali broj njih uspio se i školovati. Došlo je do raznih promjena na području znanosti, umjetnosti, sporta i ostalim područjima. Kraljica je preminula 22. siječnja 1901., a na njezinom pokopu bila je prisutna kraljevska elita cijele Europe. To nam govori o njezinoj važnosti i kako je bila i ostala zapamćena kao legendarna kraljica koja je ostavila velik trag u britanskoj, ali i svjetskoj povijesti. |
| Abstract (english) | Queen Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Empress of India, also bore the title of one of the longest-serving monarchs in history until she was recently surpassed by current Queen Elizabeth II of England. She was strictly brought up and first-rate educated. She played the piano, spoke many languages, loved theater and reading, and was interested in geography and history. Victoria ascended the throne in 1837 after the death of her uncle, William IV, and her right hand was Lord Melbourne who helped her with everything. The Queen's love was her cousin Albert, whom she married and had nine children. Victoria was nicknamed the " grandmother of Europe " since all her children were connected to all important European dynasties through marital relations. The industrial revolution, which left a mark on the course of English and world history, had a great influence. There has been progress and changes in the way machines are manufactured and used, resulting in widespread unemployment of workers and the emergence of the ludist movement. The Victorian era lasted less than 64 years and was divided into three phases. There has been a boom in all aspects of life, and the power and success of Britain as a world power and colonial giant has resonated far and wide. During her reign, ten prime ministers changed, but there were four powerful ones who had the most influence, including Sir Robert Peel, Henry John Temple (Viscount of Palmerston), William Ewart Gladstone and the most prominent among them - Benjamin Disraeli, Queen's favorite. Victorian society was riddled with opposites. On the one hand, powerful sections of society, and on the other, workers who were dissatisfied and claimed their rights. Women mostly worked as maids and received small sallary. Political rights were only granted after the suffragette protests. The children did various jobs and few of them even managed to get an education. There have been various changes in science, art , sports and other fields. The Queen passed away on January 22, 1901, and her funeral was attended by the royal European elite. It tells us about her importance and that how she was remembered as a legendary queen who has left a large mark on British as well as world history. |
