The term musical ability has been a subject of definement for a long time, although today it is known that universal definition, which would adequately combine all of the musical ability phenomenas, does not exist and probably won't be found. Today we know that musical abilities of the individual are affected by both genetics and social impact. They are developing in a similar sequence for the majority of people, but that sequence is not universal nor definitive because musical development is a process of the specific person and is highly individual. With physical and mental development the capacity for music expands, which is encouraged by accumulation of experience. Goal of this thesis is to direct future professors of music pedagogy to the importance of understanding children’s development and the development of musical abilities in their respective age, and also to point out the benefits of musical growth on the individuals, even on their non-musical abilities. After reviewing musical abilities from the psychological aspect, the thesis is shifting focus on pedagogical-didactic-methodical approach of the development of musical abilities in preschool and primary school, while practical part of the thesis brings workshop cycle for the kids of that respective age which is intended for improving development of one of the musical abilities: ability to distinct timbre.