The Berlin Wall The Berlin Wall was built in the summer of 1961. The wall was built by the GDR authorities in order to stop the mass departure of citizens of East Berlin to the advanced and wealthier West Germany. The Berlin Wall was created in the context of the Cold War and was for many years a symbol of the Cold War bloc division of the European continent. That division was ideological and political - the eastern camp (communism) and the western camp (liberal democracy). Such a new geopolitical map of Europe was created by the agreement of the winning powers at the Potsdam Conference, which were: USA, France, Great Britain and Russia. The Iron Curtain is a popular term used for the boundary line that divided Europe into two separate political blocs; on one side was the bloc of Eastern European countries led by the Soviet Union, and the other bloc was represented by Western European countries and Greece and impartial Yugoslavia, which were in the sphere of interest of the United States of America. The Iron Curtain appeared almost immediately after the end of World War II and lasted until the end of the Cold War, which ended in 1990. The Berlin Wall stood in Berlin until November 11, 1989, when the residents of East Berlin tore it down. The main culprit for the demolition of the Berlin Wall is Gorbachev. His Perestroika and Glasnost were the main trigger of changes in the East German regime, and the government in the GDR changed "from below". The press from Yugoslavia reported on a daily basis about these changes and the people's peaceful revolutions that swept Europe at the end of the 20th century. Music and film also had great inspiration in the Berlin Wall. The band Scorpions and their song Wind of Change marked the fall of communism and the end of an era and the Cold War in Europe. In the 1990s, "Wind of Change" entered the charts throughout Europe and the USA. It also became a kind of musical background for the peaceful revolution that led to the collapse of the USSR. Skorpions were received in the Kremlin by Mikhail Gorbachev, the president of the USSR and the creator of Perestroika. Also, the band received a peace prize in Poland