The thesis is organized through seven chapters and it is based on the physical education of young and preschool children. An introduction to the thesis has been done by defining the concept of physical education activity and by expressing clear objectives and tasks of physical education, by listing the type of physical exercises and by emphasizing the importance of exercise in the preschool age. Further in the thesis, the concept of growth and development of the child in early and preschool age is explained, within the characteristics of motor movements and motor skills are defined. The aim of this thesis is to present the possibilities of physical and medical education of early and preschool children and to indicate the importance of physical exercise from the earliest age. To reach that goal, it is explained that playing is a natural and spontaneous environment of the child and how the children are developing through kinesiology games, followed by the examples of exercises for the development of basic motor skills, examples of group games and the importance of staying in the open. At the end of the thesis, the importance of educators and families in the development of the child is emphasized and the acquisition of healthy habits, which represent the basic preventive measure for the development of the issues in the future. Also the relationship between the child and sport is explained with the emphasis how the sport in the preschool age should be presented through a game. Otherwise the opposite effect could appear in a child and it could present stress instead of satisfaction.