The fairy tale is a form of oral literature for which the basic determinant is miraculous. The fairy tale is a story composed of miraculous events and characters where the real and miraculous world are intertwined coexisting together without any opposition. It is a form of oral literature with which children meet at the very young age. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part refers to the theoretical determinants of the genre where it's discussed about the terminology, its development and migration through history, moral grounds and its impact on the child itself. The second part considers the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud and the psychoanalytic interpretation of fairy tales Bruno Bettelheim, as well as the analytical psychology of Carl Gustav Jung and the depth-psychology interpretation of fairy tales by Marie-Louise von Franz, with the receieved criticism for both. At the completion of the thesis, the author refers to the specific literature which he considers useful for working with children.