The topic of the final paper is the impact of the economy on the environment. Long-term economic progress requires environmental protection. A healthy environment is the basis for a stable economy, and without resources and natural wealth it is impossible to achieve economic progress, and all these advances have a great impact on the environment. The paper will analyze the complementarity of the economy and the environment, and the three most important economic functions of the environment and the concept of the economy will be presented. The work also includes anthropogenic impact on the environment, i.e. the impact of the population and individual economic sectors on the environment, the causes and consequences of environmental pollution. The development of modern industry and new technologies contributes to progress, but it can also have negative consequences for the environment, such as air and water pollution. Urbanization poses challenges in terms of pressure on resources and infrastructure, and the modernization of agriculture and transport also greatly affect the environment, its quality and pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to promote sustainable practices in these sectors, but also in all other sectors. The last chapter of the paper will discuss the management of anthropogenic impacts on the environment, the concept of sustainable development, and ways of sustainable environmental management and socially responsible business. The paper presents examples of good practices and ways to contribute to reducing pollution and preserving the environment. Economic growth must be limited and controlled to preserve natural resources and prevent negative consequences for the environment.