Pneumothorax is caused by a chest injury and is an accumulation of air in the pleural cavity, in other words. pneumothorax is a condition where air enters the pleural space, causing partial or complete collapse of the lungs. It can arise from unknown causes. It is a condition when the atmospheric pressure is higher than the pressure in the pleural cavity, and for this reason air enters the cavity and separates the leaves of the pleura, which causes the collapse of the lungs. The paper describes the anatomy and physiology of the lungs and the pathophysiology of pneumothorax. The classification of pneumothorax as well as the process from diagnosing pneumothorax to treatment are also covered. Nursing care of patients from admission to the hospital, preoperative care and postoperative care are presented. Procedures for the care of patients with drainage and procedures for dressing a surgical wound are described. Data on diagnoses of all lung injuries are presented through statistical tables and graphs, as well as the frequency of the diagnosis of pneumothorax, spontaneous pneumothorax, tension and traumatic. The nurse is one of the members of the multidisciplinary team at the hospital that cares for the patient. Its role in educating the patient and his family is extremely important.