This paper is engaged in comparison between Japanese and Latin grammar in order to show the similarities between them with the aim of clarifying selected grammatical categories of the Japanese language and bringing them closer to Croatian speakers. Due to the extensiveness of the topic, only some of them were selected. Namely, starting from the remark that Latin and Croatian are structurally closer in some elements, but also from the fact that there are typological similarities between Latin and Japanese, but also differences, certain aspects of grammar are treated in the paper. I was guided by the desire to explain some "difficult places" in the initial learning of the Japanese language, while using facts from several textbooks and grammar in Japanese, Latin and Croatian. By comparison, I came to the following results: - Latin and Japanese have the same word order of syntactic elements in a sentence (SOV). - In Croatian and Latin, the subject is expressed by the grammatical continuation of the verb, while in Japanese it is expressed by the particles. - In Croatian and Latin nouns have gender, number and case, while in Japanese we do not have a genus category ("gender roles" are used), for number, suffixes are added and particles function as cases. - In all three languages, words that express syntactic categories can replace the place in the sentence without changing their relationship. - By comparing the syntax of cases in Croatian and Latin with Japanese particles, we can also see the similarities but also specifics of each language. If we look, for example, dative of the agent we can see that the construction of the Latin sentence somewhat agrees with the Japanese sentence in passive, where the dative is the performer of the action translated by the nominative and the translations are "how something needs (or is forced upon) or must be done." I come to the conclusion that there is a number of typological similarities between Japanese and Latin, and that knowing them may be of a little advantage in learning Japanese, especially in terms of "case syntax" as interpreted in learning and teaching Latin because they describe syntactic functions of individual case suffixes. Systematisation and description of Japanese particles in terms of their syntactic function in Croatian language can be contribute to Japanese language. This extensive topic certainly deserves more detailed elaboration as well as comparison at all language levels.