Emergencies are all conditions that directly threaten the lives of children and adults and require immediate intervention. The goal of providing first aid to a child is to recognize an emergency as early as possible and react adequately. The paper describes the topic of cardiac and respiratory arrest in pediatrics, which is an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A state of shock is also described. The therapeutic procedure depends on the type of shock, and is determined on the basis of anamnestic data. Asthma is a chronic inflammation of the airways where many cells and cellular mediators participate. Furthermore, laryngitis in pediatric age represents an important diagnostic and therapeutic problem. Children between the ages of 6 months and 4 years, as well as older children, tend to put small objects in their mouths that can easily get into the airways. Foreign bodies can be living (eg insects) and non-living. Most inhalation of foreign bodies occurs in children under the age of 15, and more often in male children. Febrile convulsions typically occur within 24 hours of the onset of elevated body temperature. The prevalence of febrile convulsions in childhood is 2 to 5% in children up to 5 years of age, and they account for 30% of all convulsive seizures in pediatric age. Drowning is a public health problem that results in respiratory failure. Burns in children occur as a result of exposure to heat, ultraviolet/infrared radiation, radioactive material, chemicals, or contact with electricity. The nurse also plays a role in the prevention of unwanted events. The key to prevention is to educate parents on how to provide the child with the safest possible environment. It is also desirable to educate parents about the basic ways of providing first aid.