Within anthropological characteristics, motor and functional abilities are highlighted as important factors in overall child development. Namely, the proper development of motor and functional abilities and their improvement enable a child to achieve better results during engagement in kinesiology activities and to preserve biotic motor skills. For their proper development, it is necessary to provide the child with freedom of movement, free play, and social interaction, as agreed upon by many experts. Although motor and functional abilities are subject to positive and negative changes due to the plasticity of a child's body, their improvement should strive to meet primary children's needs, as well as an understanding of the developmental stage the child is in. Kinesiology activities, with an emphasis on improving motor and functional abilities, if applied without considering children's needs and developmental stages, can significantly impair the sensitive development of these abilities. This paper is based on specific data from research on the development of motor and functional abilities in early and preschool-aged children, their development, and possibilities for improving these abilities. The paper discusses characteristics of child growth and development, with an emphasis on motor development and the development of internal systems (cardiovascular and respiratory systems), anthropological characteristics of early and preschool age, and the role of educators in the development of these abilities.