| Abstract | Austo-ugarskom nagodbom stvorena je dvojna monarhija, odnosno savez državnih zajednica Austrije i Mađarske, koji je opstao do kraja Prvog svjetskog rata 1918. Prihvativši nagodbu, Hrvatska dobiva autonomiju u upravnim poslovima, školskom i sudskom sustavu, a hrvatski jezik postaje službeni. Nadalje, dolazi do ubrzanog razvitka grada, kulturne, materijalne i nematerijalne baštine, uključujući i velik broj građevina. Prije dolaska Austro-Ugarske, Pulom je vladala Venecija, a zbog mnogih zaraznih bolesti koje opustošuju tadašnje područje, grad je skoro u cijelosti izumro. Pula je 1853. postala glavna ratna luka. Počeo se graditi arsenal za izgradnju brodova i njihovu opskrbu te fortifikacijski sustav za obranu luke s kopna i mora. Nadalje, gradile su se vojarne, institucije, stambeni objekti. Takav urbanistički razvoj povećvao je broj poslova, a samim time javljala se potražnja za ljudskim resursima koji su svakodnevno dolazili u grad. Stoga, uslijed rastućeg broja građana kasnije se javlja potreba za zdravstvenim, kulturnim, školskim i drugim ustanovama i zgradama. U vrijeme urbanističkog razvoja Pula je postala grad koji okuplja stanovništvo srednjoeuropskog prostora, gdje se određena kulturalna, arhitektonska raznolikost i europeizacija mogla osjetiti u jeziku, politici i drugim sferama. Dio doseljenika naselio se u obnovljene kuće na Kaštelu, Forumu, dio grada uz luku, dok se drugi dio doseljenika naseljuje u novoizgrađenim naseljima Veruda, Arena, San Martino, Zaro, ulice San Policarpo, Della Stazione, Siana, San Michele. Sukladno tome, na početku današnjeg Bulevara smjestila se Vila Monai, jedna od najpoznatijih austro-ugarskih palači u gradu. U zgradi današnjeg Doma hrvatskih branitelja nalazila se vila Marine Casino. Nadalje, u Kolodvorskoj ulici izgrađene su Vile Münz, zaslugom investitora Münza, koji je ujedno zaslužan za izgradnju natkrivene gradske Središnje tržnice i Grand Hotela Riviera. Zatim se u novoj gradskoj četvrti Veruda smjestila vila najmlađeg austro-ugarskog kontraadmirala Horthyja koji je bio ujedno i jedini Mađar koji je postao zapovjednik austrougarske flote. Nedaleko od Horthyjeve vile smjestila se vila Maximiliana Bissingena koja je danas izvrsno sačuvana, što je rijetkost za građevine iz tog povijesnog razdoblja. Također, na Verudi, u bivšoj Via Ospedale, nalazi se Vila Mendelein, kao još jedna u nizu rezidencija visoko pozicioniranih časnika mornarice. Na području Verude, odnosno na zemljištu kojem je i onda bila zabranjena gradnja, što dokazuje jer se i danas u njezinoj blizini ne nalaze mnoge kuće, izgrađena je Vila Idola. Nadalje, na lokalitetu današnjeg popularnog Circola nalazi se vila Petinelli koju su nazivali i vila Maria te naposljetku vila Rizzi, koja se smjestila na području današnjeg područja Moncanora, u Bosco Rizzi, a pripadala je uglednom puljskom Talijanu Lodovicu Rizziju, nekadašnjem gradonačelniku. |
| Abstract (english) | The Austrian-Hungarian Compromise created a dual monarchy, an alliance of Austrian and Hungarian state-owned communities that survived until the end of the First World War in 1918. Accepting the settlement, Croatia gets autonomy in administrative affairs, school and court systems, and Croatian language becomes official. Furthermore, there is a rapid development of the city, cultural, material and non-material heritage, including a large number of buildings. Before the arrival of Austrian-Hungarians, Pula was ruled by Venice, and due to many infectious diseases that devastate the area the city was almost completely extinct. In 1853 Pula became the main harbor. They started building an arsenal for shipbuilding and their supply, and a fortification system for defending ports from land and sea. Further, army buildings, institutions, housing facilities were built. Such urban development has increased the number of jobs, and this is why the demand for human resources that came to town every day has appeared. Therefore, due to the growing number of citizens, there was a need for healthcare, cultural, school and other institutions and buildings. At the time of urban development, Pula has become a city that brings together the people of Central Europe where certain cultural, architectural diversity and Europeanization could be felt in language, politics and other spheres. A part of the immigrants settled in a renovated house on the Kaštel, the Forum, a part of the city along the harbor, while the other settled in the newly built settlements Veruda, Arena, San Martin, Zaro, San Policarpo Street, Della Stazione, Siana, San Michele. Accordingly, the Villa Monai, one of the most famous Austrian-Hungarian palaces in the city, is located at the beginning of today's Bulevar. In the building of today's Croatian War Veterans House there was a Marine Casino villa. Furthermore, on the railway street, Vile Munz was built, thanks to the investor Munz, who is also responsible for the construction of the covered Central Market Square and Grand Hotel Riviera. Then, in the new town district of Veruda, was placed the villa of the youngest Austro-biped contender Horthy, who was also the only Hungarian who became the commander of the Austro-Hungarian fleet. Not far from Horthy's villa lies the villa of Maximilian Bissingen, which is excellently preserved, and is a rare for buildings from this historical period. Also in Veruda, in the former street via Ospedale, there is Vila Mendelein another in a series of residences of highly ranked Navy Officers. In the area of Veruda, or on the land that was then forbidden to build, Vila Idola was built, which proves that there are still many houses in its vicinity today. Furthermore, in the locality of today's popular Circolo there is the villa Petinelli, which was called the villa Maria and finally the villa Rizzi, located in the area of today's Moncanor area in the woods of Bosco Rizzi, and belonged to the renowned Pula's town Lodovico Rizzi, Italian from Pula who was Pula's mayor. |
