The purpose of the final thesis is to describe classic and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Presentation of indications, contraindications, complications and procedure of the procedure. A brief introduction to the anatomy, physiology, pathology, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the biliary system is also presented. Furthermore, the paper will present data related to the diagnosis of gallstones in the period of the last twelve years, as well as a comparison of the number of classical and laparoscopic surgical procedures performed in the same period in the General Hospital Pula. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the gold standard and represents the method of choice in the treatment of cholelithiasis. The laparoscopic method of cholecystectomy is characterized by a lower frequency of developing complications and a shorter hospitalization than in the open one. Conversion to an open procedure does not mean failure, but is one of the ways to protect the patient and successfully complete the procedure.