| Abstract | Pavlinski red dolazi na naše prostore sredinom 13. stoljeća i ostaje sve do ukinuća 1786. U periodu svoga djelovanja i redovničkog rada ostavili su neizbrisiv trag u crkvenom, kulturnom i gospodarskom životu. Potpomognuti raznim darovnicama plemića, ali ponajviše knezova Krčkih Frankopana, gradili su i osnivali samostane diljem Hrvatske. U Lepoglavskom samostanu otvorena je prva gimnazija na ovim prostorima, što predstavlja i početak školstva u Hrvatskoj. Nastava se odvijala na latinskom jeziku, a gimnazija je ustrojstvom djelovanja i podučavanja bila u rangu sa svim ostalim europskim obrazovnim institucijama. U lepoglavskoj gimnaziji školovali su se brojni sinovi hrvatskih plemića. Nakon zatvaranja gimnazije, godine 1658. stiže odobrenje cara i Svete Stolice da se lepoglavski zavod uzdigne na status akademije s pravom dodjele visokiih znanstvenih stupnjeva i doktorata iz filozofije i teologije. Njegovali su i širili glagoljicu, bili su vrsni kipari, pjesnici, književnici i graditelji. Pavlinski samostani bili su oveći sklopovi objekata raznih namjena, ograđeni obrambenim zidinama, formirani oko klaustra tako da je na južnoj strani strani uvijek crkva, a na preostale tri, samostanske zgrade. Crkve su uvijek jednobrodne. Uz zapadno pročelje često se uzdiže zvonik, a uz svetište crkve, nalazi se sakristija, zatim kapitularna dvorana-kapela, pa prolaz do vrta. Između svetišta i sakristije smješteno je stubište kojim se pristupalo u spavaonice redovnika koje su bile skromne i tjesne. Njihov nesebičan doprinos hrvatskoj kulturi i znanosti prekinuo je austrijski car Josip II., ukidanjem reda 1786. Dva stoljeća kasnije vraćaju se na poziv Kardinala Kuharića, obnavljaju tri samostana u kojima žive i danas. |
| Abstract (english) | The Pauline order came to these territories in the mid-13th century and remained here until its abolition in 1786. During its monastic activity, this order left an everlasting mark in the community’s religious and cultural life and its economy. The order was helped by various donations made by noblemen (especially by the Frankopan counts of Krk) that enabled the construction and establishment of monasteries across Croatia. The order opened the first grammar school in this area in the monastery in Lepoglava, thus marking the beginning of the school system in Croatia. The teaching was carried out in Latin and due to the school’s educational activity and organization, it was at the same level as other European educational institutions. Numerous Croatian noblemen were educated at this school. After the grammar school was closed, this institute in Lepoglava was granted academy status in 1658 by the emperor and the Holy See, thus making this institution able to confer high-level scientific titles as well as doctorates in philosophy and theology. The order members cultivated and promulgated the Glagolitic script and were excellent sculptors, poets, writers and constructors. Pauline monasteries were large complexes formed by facilities that had various purposes. They were surrounded by defence walls and located around a cloister – the church was always in the southern part while monasterial buildings were located in the other three parts. The churches are always single-nave buildings, while the bell tower is often located along the western façade. The shrine is flanked by the vestry, the capitular hall – chapel, and the passageway leading to the garden. A staircase leading to the monks’ modest and narrow chambers is located between the shrine and the vestry. The order’s valuable contribution to the Croatian culture and science was interrupted by the Austrian emperor Joseph II who abolished the order in 1786. Two centuries later, the order returned following an invitation by Cardinal Kuharić and restored three monasteries that today serve as the order’s place of residence. |
