| Abstract | Dioklecijanova palača sagrađena je oko 295. na juţnoj obali poluotoka Aspalathos. Postoji nekoliko teorija zašto je car odlučio baš tamo izgraditi svoju rezidenciju: povratak u rodni grad, oporavak narušenog zdravlja u mjestu s ljekovitom vodom te povoljna lokacija vile. Naime, neki povijesni izvori pokazuju da bi Salona ili njegova okolica mogla biti Dioklecijanov rodni grad, a također se pretpostavlja da je car nakon abdikacije htio nadgledati daljnji tijek događanja u Carstvu. Glavni zidovi Palače izgrađeni su od kamenih kocaka, prosječna širina im je 2,0 m, a visina ide od 13 m do 20, ovisno o terenu. Ulazna dvorana Dioklecijanovog stana, vestibul, građevina je četvrtastog vanjskog i unutarnjeg kružnog tlocrta, obložena mramornim pločama. Između vestibula i hodnika nalazila se središnja dvorana Dioklecijanova stana. Ova prostorija imala je prizemni prostor koji je služio kao komunikacija između južnog dijela Palače i nosivosti kata. Do danas su sačuvani samo neki ostaci Velike dvorane, ali u potpunosti je sačuvan donji prostor koji se naziva i „podrumska dvorana“. Upravo zbog te dobre očuvanosti doneseni su mnogi zaključci i o izvornom izgledu careva stana. U blagovaonici palače bila je smještena velika sala s tri manje dvorane i ulaznim prostorijama. U četrnaestom stoljeću dolazi do promjene u strukturi ove prostorije te je na mjestu blagovaonice podignut samostan sv. Klare, koji je tamo bio do 1883. Kritpoportik je hodnik u palači koji je služio kao šetnica te komunikacijski prostor. Terme su vjerojatno bile spojene s carevim stanom, a sve do 1959. nije bilo saznanja o njima. Zahvaljujući istraživačkim radovima kod hotela „Slavija“ moglo se sa sigurnošću zaključiti da su na tom mjestu nekada postojale terme. Palača ima četiri vrata: Zlatna vrata, Srebrna vrata, Željezna i vrata Gorota i te su ona i danas u upotrebi. Sveukupno je uz palaču sagrađeno šesnaest kula, od kojih su do danas djelomično sačuvane tri ugaone: Sjeverozapadna, Sjeveroistočna i Jugoistočna kula. Dvije glavne ulice, kardo i dekumanus, spajale su se u središtu palače, a odgovaraju glavnim ulicama svakog rimskog vojnog logora: Via Praetoria i Via Principalis. Nakon smrti cara, Palača doživljava brojne arhitektonske promjene jer je naseljavaju stanovnici koji su je prilagođavali svojim potrebama. |
| Abstract (english) | Diocletian’s Palace was built around the year of 295 on the southern coast of the Aspalathos peninsula. There are several theories as to why the emperor decided to build his residence here: the return to his hometown, recovery of impaired health in a place with healing water, and the favourable location of the villa. However, some historical sources show that Salona, or its surroundings, could be Diocletian’s hometown, and it is also assumed that the emperor wanted to monitor the further course of events in the empire after his abdication. The main walls of the Palace are built out of stone cubes, their average width is 2.0 m, and the height ranges from 13 m to 20 m, depending on the terrain. The entrance hall of Diocletian’s apartment, the Vestibule, is a building with a square outer and circular inner floor plan lined with marble slabs. Between the Vestibule and the corridor there was the central hall of Diocletian’s apartment. This room had a ground floor space that served as communication between the southern part of the Palace and the load-bearing capacity of the first floor. To this day, only some remains of the Great Hall have been preserved, but the lower space, also called the ‘basement hall’ has been completely preserved. And because of that good preservation, many conclusions were made about the original appearance of the emperor’s apartment. In the dining room of the palace there was a large hall with three smaller halls and entrance rooms. In the fourteenth century there was a change in the structure of that room and on the place of the dining room the monastery of St. Clare was built and it was there until 1883. The cryptoporticus is a corridor in the palace that served as a promenade and a communication space. The baths were probably connected to the emperor’s apartment, and until 1959 there was no knowledge of the baths. Thanks to the research work at the hotel ‘Slavija’, it was concluded with certainty that there used to be baths at that place. The Palace has four doors: the Golden Gate, the Silver Gate, the Iron Gate and the Bronze Gate and they are still in use today. A total of sixteen towers were built next to the palace, of which three corner towers have been partially preserved to this day: the Northwest, the Northeast and the Southeast tower. The two main streets, cardo and decumanus, merged in the center of the palace, and correspond to the main streets of each Roman military camp: via praetoria and via principalis.After the death of the emperor, the palace underwent numerous architectural changes as the palace was inhabited by citizens who adapted it to their needs. |
