| Abstract | Grožnjan je gradić smješten na brežuljku u blizini Buja, naziva se još i gradom umjetnika, te je jedan od nekolicine istarskih gradića koji imaju vrlo bogatu povijest. Ona započinje još u doba neolitika kada se naseljavaju prvi stanovnici. Tijekom povijesnih razdoblja u Grožnjanu se grade trajne nastambe, zidine, gradska vrata, crkve, te se razvija gradska uprava. Od crkvi najbitnija je ona unutar zidina koja je izgrađena u čast Sv. Vida, Modesta i Krešencije, odnosno, prvotno u čast Uznesenja Blažene Djevice Marije, a specifična je po tome što danas nije okrenuta s one strane s koje je bila u prošlosti, kada je tek izgrađena. Ostale dvije crkve nalaze se izvan gradskih zidina, to su crkva Sv. Kuzme i Damjana te crkva Sv. Nikole. Od svjetovnih spomenika Grožnjan ima gradska vrata, zid oko jednih vrata je još sačuvan, dok zid oko drugih nije. U blizini gradskih vrata, s unutarnje strane, nalazi se fontik koji je imao različite funkcije, poput trgovanja i suđenja. U blizini fontika nalazi se palača Spinotti, prepoznatljiva po bunaru koji se smješten ispred nje, jer se na njemu nalazi ploča s imenom Marie Stelle Spinotti koja ga je dala napraviti.
Grožnjan je bio s okolnim mjestima povezan Flavijevskom cestom kojom se išlo u Trst, zatim Parenzanom i rijekom Mirnom. Parenzana je željeznica koja je povezivala Poreč, Kanfanar i Trst, a prolazila je kroz unutrašnjost Istre, te je tako išla i u blizini Grožnjana. Povezanost s Venecijom bila je omogućena zahvaljujući rijeci Mirni za čiji prijelaz se plaćala cestarina. No, rijeka je bila i izvor malarije zbog onečišćenosti, te je zbog toga bilo otežano prometovanje njome, odnosno izbjegavalo se.
Grožnjanskim je stanovništvom najprije vladao Weickhard iz Kostela, a zatim Ulrich Reifenberg iz Branika, dok je prvi kapetan bio Pietro Dolfin. Stanovnici su se prvotno bavili poljoprivredom, što se i danas može vidjeti. I u današnje vrijeme, kao i u prošlosti, u Grožnjanu je postojala uljara, nekoliko vinskih podruma te brojne njive. Nekoliko godina nakon što je Grožnjan bio napušten, zbog zanimljivog krajolika počeli su ga posjećivati umjetnici, koji su se kasnije tamo i nastanili te je tako prozvan Gradom umjetnika. |
| Abstract (english) | Grožnjan is a small city situated on a hill near the city of Buje. It’s called “The city of art” and is one of the small cities in Istria with a very large history. The history of Grožnjan starts in the time of Neolithics, when first inhabitants are coming in the city. True the time people started to built permanent houses, city doors, churches and the city administration starts to develop. The most important church of the city is the church of St. Vido, Modesto and Crescentia, which was first built in the honor of Virgin Mary. The church is very specific because today it isn’t turned on the same side like it was in the past. The other two churches are situated out of the city walls, and those are dedicated to St. Kuzma and Damian, and the other one is dedicated to St. Nicholas. Monuments that are not related to religion are city doors, city walls which is not preserved completely. Near the city door, inside of the walls is situated the Granary, that in the past was place of trading and trial. Near the Granary is situated the palace Spinotti, which is recognizable by the well where is a slab with the name of Marie Stelle Spinotti, the woman who gave to build the well.
Grožnjan was related with other places in the neighborhood by the street called Via Flavia, which was connecting Trieste, Parenzana and Mirna. Parenzana is a railway which was connecting Poreč, Kanfanar and Trieste and it was passing true the central Istria. Connetion with Venice was enabled thanks to the river Mirna for which was obligate to pay the toll. But the river was also the source of malaria, and it was very contaminated, so this was the reason why the circulation (traffic) was very difficult.
Grožnjan was firstly governed by the Weickhard of Costel, than by Ulrich Reinferberg of Branic, and the first captain was Pietro Dolfino. Residents of Grožnjan were farmers, like they mostly are even today. Today, like in the past in the city of Grožnjan there is an oil refinery, some wine cellars and a lot of fields. A few years after Grožnjan was abandoned, thanks to the interesting landscape, artists started to come to Grožnjan and they began to inhabited, so the city was called “The city of art”. |
