In the final thesis, the aim was to give insight into the life and work of miners throughout the history. Mining is one of the oldest economic activities that has influenced the development of a number of other activities and it can be traced back to prehistoric times. The problem of research is related to the lack of relevant data on the life and work of miners through history and the changes that have occurred during history under the influence of various factors, in particular technical and technological innovations, and to give greater attention to the security of miners. By analyzing life and work of miners through the history, it was clear that the miners encountered problems with mines, and in the first place they worked in difficult conditions with a high degree of risk. Only by using steaming machinery and later on electric machines, working in mines became easier. Miners mostly worked with very low wages which influenced their low standard of living and quite often whole familes were employed in mines. In 1935, the International Labor Organisation forbade women and children from working in mines. In some countries, women and children are still working in mines. In underdeveloped countries, children work for ten hours a day for just over 2 USD per day. International labors association appeals to ban the children from working in mines. Modern technical and technological solutions facilitate the work of miners, and robotization replaces them in much of their work.