A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye or its capsule that prevents the physiological passage of light through the lens to the retina of the eye. The disease can occur in all age groups, including infants, adults, and the elderly, but is most prevalent in the adult group, with progression in old age. The most common form is senile cataract. The basic way to treat cataracts is surgery. Cataract surgery is an elective surgery that in very rare cases is medically necessary to do. The basic indications are visual disturbances that subjectively limit the patient's daily activities and greatly reduce the quality of life. In most developed countries, surgical treatment of cataracts is the most commonly performed surgical intervention. The appearance of minimal incisions, collapsible intraocular lenses, and the application of ultrasonic energy to lens fragmentation make this surgery safe and effective. In modern ophthalmology, there are two main types of surgical treatment - the PHACO ultrasound method and the newer, laser method. Phacoemulsification is a method of extracapsular extraction of the lens using ultrasound, which is the "gold standard" in cataract surgery. Using ultrasound, under local anesthesia, the lens nucleus is comminuted with simultaneous aspiration of the fragmented lens pieces. As a result, trauma to eye structures is minimized.