| Abstract | Vladavina Franje Josipa bila je dugotrajno i promjenjivo razdoblje Habsburške Monarhije. Nakon revolucija i “proljeća naroda“ 1848. Franjo Josip se morao suočiti s mnogim poteškoćama u vladanju multinacionalnom državom. Bachov apsolutizam 1850-ih je ostavio trag u birokraciji i administraciji monarhije do njenog kraja. Tih godina je na vanjskopolitičkom planu Habsburška Monarhija napravila nekoliko krivih poteza u odnosima s Rusijom, Francuskom i Italijom. Tijekom 1860-ih Austrija je izgubila utjecaj u Njemačkoj nakon gubitka rata protiv Pruske. Nakon rata Habsburška Monarhija prelazi na potpuno novi oblik države kada je 1867. nagodbom postala dualistička Austro-Ugarska Monarhija. Vanjskopolitička situacija za Austro-Ugarsku se ponovno zakomplicirala 1878. kada je izvršena okupacija Bosne i Hercegovine, koju je 1908. i anektirala. Aneksija Bosne i Hercegovine je izazvala napetosti na Balkanu i s Rusijom. Franjo Josip se oženio 1854. s Elizabetom, kćeri bavarskog vojvode, koju je volio više nego ikoga. Zajedno su imali četvero djece, tri kćeri i jednog sina. Prva kćer je umrla još kao dijete, a sin Rudolf je 1889. izvršio samoubojstvo. Elizabetu, u narodu poznatu kao Sissi, je ubio talijanski anarhist 1898. godine. Njegov sljedeći nasljednik nadvojvoda Franjo Ferdinand i on nisu se slagali politički niti u privatnom životu. Odnos se dodatno zahladio kada je Franjo Ferdinand oženio Sophie Chotek, ženu nižega plemićkog statusa. Svojevrsno suparništvo između ujaka i nećaka je okončano atentatom na Franju Ferdinanda i Sophie u Sarajevu 1914. godine. Atentat na Franju Ferdinanda i njegovu suprugu je pokrenuo niz događaja koji će rezultirati Prvim svjetskim ratom. U prve dvije godine rata austrougarsko stanovništvo je zahvatila velika socio-ekonomska kriza i glad zbog manjka hrane, a rezultati na bojišnici su bili nejednako uspješni. Franjo Josip, međutim, neće doživjeti kraj rata, niti kraj Monarhije jer je umro 21. studenog 1916. godine. Franju Josipa nasljeđuje njegov neiskusan pranećak Karlo. |
| Abstract (english) | The reign of Francis Joseph I. was a long and changing period of the Habsburg Monarchy. After the revolutions and "spring of people" in 1848, Francis Joseph had to face many difficulties in ruling a multinational state. Bach's absolutism in the 1850's left a mark on the bureaucracy and administration of the monarchy until its end. In those years, the Habsburg Monarchy made several wrong moves in its relations with Russia, France and Italy. During the 1860s Austria lost its influence in Germany after losing a war against Prussia. After the war, the Habsburg Monarchy changed to a completely new form of state when, in 1867, with a settlement, it became dualistic Austro-Hungarian monarchy. The foreign policy situation for Austria-Hungary became complicated again in 1878 when the occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina was carried out, which was then annexed in 1908. The annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina had caused tensions in the Balkans and with Russia. Francis Joseph married, in 1854, Elizabeth, daughter of the Duke of Bavaria, whom he loved more than anyone. Together they had four children, three daughters and one son. The first daughter died as a child, and the son Rudolf committed suicide in 1889. Elizabeth, popularly known as Sissi, was murdered in 1898 by an Italian anarchist. His next successor, Archduke Francis Ferdinand, and he disagreed politically and in private. The relationship further cooled when Francis Ferdinand married Sophie Chotek, a woman of lesser noble status. A kind of rivalry between uncle and nephew ended with the assassination of Francis Ferdinand and Sophie in Sarajevo in 1914. The assassination of Francis Ferdinand and his wife triggered a series of events that would result in World War I. During the first two years of the war the Austro-Hungarian population was plagued by a major socio-economic crisis and food shortages, and the results on the frontline were mixed. Francis Joseph will not experience the end of the war though, nor the end of the monarchy, since he died on November 21, 1916. Francis Joseph is succeeded by his inexperienced great-nephew Carlo. |
