| Abstract | Školjkaši (bivalvia) su pogodni indikatorski organizmi za biomonitoring i procjenu kvalitete okoliša jer hrane se i dišu pomoću škrga, filtriraju velike količine morske vode, fitoplanktona i partikularne organske tvari te tako akumuliraju i prisutna zagađivala, a ujedno pročišćuju okoliš. Sukladno uvjetima u okolišu i prisutnom zagađenju školjkaši reagiraju na stresne uvjete promjenom ponašanja, zatvaranjem i otvaranjem ljuštura mjenjajući intenzitet filtriranja. Uslijed izloženosti zagađivalima nastaju i drugi biološki učinci, od oštećenja i promjena na razini molekula, organela, stanica, tkiva, organa, organskih sustava, do cijelog organizma. Komunikacijom i suradnjom s znanstvenicima Centra za istraživanje mora u Rovinju Instituta Ruđer Bošković, ukazala se potreba za razvojem ugradbenog računalnog sustava koji bi mjerio odabrane parametre okoliša i pratio funkciju filtriranja mjerenjem otvorenosti ljuštura engl. Valve Gaping (VG) tijekom eksprimentalnih izlaganja školjkaša, prvenstveno dagnji Mytilus galloprovincialis.
Za tu potrebu razvijen je VG-MM engl. Valve Gaping - Mussel Monitor sustav na bazi Arduino mikrokontrolera prvenstveno namijenjenom za laboratorijski eksperimentalni rad s školjkašima. VG-MM sustav omogućava ovisno o potrebi spajanje 6 ili 12 Hall senzora i praćenje VG funkcije istog broja školjkaša spojenih na uređaj ili 6 senzora spojenih putem UTP kabla dužine 20 m za mjerenje VG dagnji u vanjskim bazenima, odnosno putem WIFI mreže. Kao osnova za izradu ugradbenog računalnog sustava odabrana je mikrokontrolerska platforma Arduino zbog višestruke funkcionalnosti: male potrošnje struje, velike modularnosti i dostupnosti-dobavljivosti komponenti. Za mjerenje VG funkcije filtriranja tj. otvorenosti ljuštura školjkaša odabrani su analogni Hall senzori magnetskog toka, vodeći računa da sustav bude robustan, praktičan i funkcionalan, uz mogućnost dalnje nadogradnje, usavršavanja i potencijalne široke primjene nastalog prototipa ugradbenog računalnog sustava VG-MM-a. Razvijen VG-MM sustav uspješno je primijenjen za praćenje VG funkcije tj. normalnog filtriranja dagnji tijekom višednevnog laboratorijskog držanja u bazenima (0-24 sata) te real time opažanja napada i predacije dagnji nakon izlaganja invazivnom grabežljivom plaštenjaku Imogine mediterranea kao primjeru racentne prijetnje u uzgajalištima školjkaša na području Istarske županije. |
| Abstract (english) | Shellfish (bivalvia) are suitable indicator organisms for biomonitoring and assessment of environmental quality because they feed and breathe using gills, filter large amounts of seawater, phytoplankton and particulate organic matter, and thus accumulate present pollutants, and at the same time purify the environment. According to environmental conditions and pollution present, bivalves react to stressful conditions by changing their behavior, closing and opening their shells, changing the intensity of filtering. As a result of exposure to pollutants, other biological effects occur, from damage and changes at the level of molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organic systems, to the whole organism. Through communication and cooperation with scientists from the Center for Marine Research in Rovinj of the Ruđer Bošković Institute, the need for the development of a built-in computer system that would measure selected environmental parameters and monitor the filtering function by measuring shell openness emerged. Valve Gaping (VG) during experimental exposures of shellfish, primarily the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. VG-MM English was developed for this purpose. Valve Gaping - Mussel Monitor system based on Arduino microcontroller primarily intended for laboratory experimental work with mussels. The VG-MM system allows, depending on the need, to connect 6 or 12 Hall sensors and monitor the VG function of the same number of shellfish connected to the device or 6 sensors connected via a 20 m long UTP cable for measuring the VG of mussels in outdoor pools, i.e. via a WIFI network. The Arduino microcontroller platform was chosen as the basis for the creation of an embedded computer system due to its multiple functionality: low power consumption, high modularity and availability of components. To measure the VG filtering function, i.e. the openness of bivalve shells, analog Hall magnetic flux sensors were chosen, taking care to make the system robust, practical and functional, with the possibility of further upgrading, improvement and potential wide application of the created prototype of the built-in VG-MM computer system. The developed VG-MM system was successfully applied to monitor the VG function, i.e. the normal filtering of mussels during several days of laboratory keeping in pools (0-24 hours) and real time observations of attacks and predation of mussels after exposure to the invasive predatory mantled Imogine mediterranea as an example of a relative threat in farms shellfish in the area of the Istrian County. |
