Abstract | U današnje vrijeme sve više je promjena na turističkom tržištu. Promjene su vidljive već s početka kada je turizam imao razne definicije koje su se uz promjene na tržištu mijenjale i nadopunjavale. Prva putovanja bila su vezana s migracijama stanovnika, dok prva turistička putovanja s Olimpijskim igrama. Glavni sudionici su turisti koji su u današnje vrijeme obrazovaniji, imaju veći dohodak i u potrazi su za turističkim iskustvom. Kako su turisti postali s vremenom zahtjevniji, došlo je do pojave selektivnih vrsta turizma 70-ih godina 20. stoljeća. Prvi selektivni oblici bili su zdravstveni turizam, vjerski turizam, kulturni turizam, odmorišni turizam itd. Zbog već spomenute promjene samih sudionika turizma, danas smo svjedoci sve većem broju selektivnih vrsta turizma, a neki od novijih oblika su dark turizam, sex turizam, turizam katastrofa i slično. Takvim oblicima turizma želi se smanjiti masovnost i onečišćenje turističkih destinacija, naravno uz održivi razvoj turizma. Održivi razvoj je zasnovan na 4 glavna načela: ekološka, sociokulturna, ekonomska i ekološka održivost. Kulturni turizam je selektivni oblik turizma koji obuhvaća putovanja motivirana kulturom, kao npr. putovanja na festivale, posjete povijesnim lokalitetima i spomenicima itd. Sudionici kulturnog turizma su kulturni turisti koji su obrazovaniji i imućniji od ostalih turista, ali su skloni i kulturi i umjetnosti. Postoje 3 tipa kulturnih turista: turisti motivirani kulturom, turisti inspirirani kulturom i turisti privučeni kulturom. Kulturni turizam ima i podvrste, a neke od njih su: turizam naslijeđa, baštinski turizam, gastro-eno turizam, industrijski turizam i sl. Za razvoj kulturne turističke destinacije potrebni su kulturni resursi kao npr. spomenici, zabavni centri, muzeji, umjetnički događaji i slično. Osim kulturnih resursa za razvoj kulturnog turizma bitna je infra i suprastruktura i imidž destinacije. Ogulin je maleni grad u samom središtu Hrvatske, u Karlovačkoj županiji s 13 915 stanovnika. Nalazi se u Ogulinskoj-plaščanskoj udolini, a okružuje ga gorja Velika Kapele s planinom Klek, Krpel, Brezovica, Hum, Klekinja i Trojvrh, dok u podnožju su rijeka Dobra i Zagorska Mrežnica. Gospodarstvo se temelji na preradi drva i na poljoprivredi, dok ima i nekih naznaka razvoja turizma. Da bi Ogulin postao destinacijom kulturnog turizma, potrebni su i kulturni resursi. Neki od kulturnih resursa su: sakralni spomenici kao npr. Župna crkva sv. Uzvišenja sv. Križa, Kapela sv. Bernardina itd., kulturno-povijesni spomenici kao npr. Frankopanski kaštel, Spomenik kralju Tomislavu, Vitunjska gradina itd., legende o nastanku Kleka, o klečkim vješticama, o klečkoj špilji te o nastanku imena ponora rijeke Dobre. Tu treba spomenuti i razne manifestacije, kao npr. Dječji karneval, Županijska smotra folklora, Ogulinski festival bajki i mnogi drugi. Kulturne rute grada Ogulina je novi turistički proizvod koji bi uključio nekoliko programa, tj. rutu bajke uz povezivanje Ogulina sa Slavonskim Brodom, valorizaciju tradicionalnih ogulinskih legendi te povezivanje Ogulina, tj. Frankopanskog kaštela s kulturnom rutom „Putovima Frankopana“. Ovaj novi turistički proizvod bi također uključivao rekreativnu ponudu kao npr. biciklizam, penjanje na planinu Klek i slično. Također uz sve aktivnosti, turisti bi imali mogućnost kušanja ogulinskih specijaliteta. Provedena je anketa kako bi se ispitale percepcije lokalnog stanovništva grada i okolice, učenika Gimnazije i srednje strukovne škole Bernardina Frankopana te Pučkog otvorenog učilišta Ogulin i Zavičajnog muzeja grada Ogulina o kulturnom turizmu grada Ogulina. |
Abstract (english) | Today, there are more and more changes in the tourism market. Change were visible from the start when tourism had various definitions which changed with the developed and changes in the market. The first journeys were connected with the migration of population, while the first tourist travels with the Olympics. The main participants are tourists who are, today, more educated, have more income and are seeking for tourist experiences. As tourists became more demanding over time, there has emerged a need for creation of selective types of tourism in the 1970s. The first selective forms were health tourism, religious tourism, cultural tourism, holiday tourism, and so on. Due to the previously mentioned change in the participants of tourism, today we are witnessing and increasing number of selective types of tourism, and some of the newer forms are dark, sex tourism and tourism of disasters and some the like. The aim of those types of tourism is to reduce overcrowding and pollution of tourist destinations, of course with the sustainable development of tourism. Sustainable development is based on four main principles: ecological, socio-cultural, economic and environmental sustainability. Cultural tourism is a selective form of tourism which includes cultural-motivated travel, such as trips to festivals, visits to historical sites and monuments, etc. Cultural tourism participants are cultural tourists who are more educated and are wealthier than other tourists, but are also inclined to culture and the arts. There are 3 types of cultural tourists: culture-motivated tourists, culture-inspired tourists, and culture-attracted tourists. Also, cultural tourism has sub-types, and some of them are: heirloom tourism, heritage tourism, gastronomic tourism, industrial tourism and the like. For the development of a cultural tourist destination, cultural resources are needed, for example, monuments, amusement centers, museums, art events and the like. In addition to cultural resources for the development of cultural tourism, infrastructure, suprastructure and the image and reputation of the destination are also important. Ogulin is a small town in the middle of Croatia, in Karlovac county with 13 915 residents. It is situated in the Ogulin – Plaški valley, and surrounded by mountain Velika Kapela with Klek, Krpel, Brezovica, Hum, Klekinja i Trojvrh peaks, while there are rivers Dobra and Zagorska Mrežnica on the lower portion of the valley. The economy is based on wood industry and agriculture, but there are also some hints of tourism developing. For Ogulin to become a destination of cultural tourism it needs certain cultural resources. Some of the cultural resources are: sacral monuments like, for example, Parish church of sacred loftiness of st. Cross, Chapel of st. Bernardin and so on; cultural and historical monuments like: The Frankopan castle, monument to king Tomislav, Vitunj fortress and so on; legends about the creation of Klek, the witches of Klek, the cave of Klek and the origins of the name of the Đulin abys. A variety of different manifestations like the children's carneval, county folklore gathering, Ogulin festival of fairytales and many others ought to be mentioned also. Cultural routes of Ogulin are the new tourist product that would include a couple of programs, that is, a fairy tale route with Ogulin connecting to Slavonski Brod, valorisation of traditional legends of Ogulin and linking of Ogulin, that is, The Frankopan castle with the cultural route called „Putovima Frankopana“. This new tourism product would also include recreational offer which would include cycling, climbing Klek and many others. With all the activities tourists would have the opportunity of tasting specialties of Ogulin area. A survey was conducted to examine the perceptions of the local population of the town and the surrounding area, students of Bernardin Frankopan High School and Secondary Vocational School, Ogulin Open University and Ogulin Local Museum about Ogulin cultural tourism. |